The New Zealand fantail is a small insectivorous bird, the only species of fantail in New Zealand. It has four subspecies: R. f. fuliginosa in the South Island, R. f. placabilis in the North Island, R. f. penita in the Chatham Islands, and the now-extinct R. f. cervina formerly on Lord Howe Island. It is also known by its Māori names, pīwakawaka, tīwakawaka or piwaiwaka, and the Chatham Island subspecies by the Moriori name tchitake; the common pied morph is also known as pied fantail, and the uncommon dark morph is also known as black fantail. The species has been considered by many to be conspecific as the grey fantail of Australia and New Caledonia; however, due to significant differences in its calls, many authorities now treat it as a separate species.
Region
New Zealand and Chatham Islands
Typical Environment
Widespread across the North, South, Stewart/Rakiura, and outlying islands, with an endemic subspecies on the Chatham Islands. Occupies native and regenerating forests, scrub, farmland shelterbelts, gardens, and urban parks. Especially common along forest edges, riparian corridors, and clearings where aerial insects are abundant. Readily uses human-modified habitats and often forages near people. Generally absent only from the most exposed alpine zones.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1200 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Known in Māori as pīwakawaka, it is famous for constantly fanning its tail and fearlessly following people or livestock to snatch insects they flush. It occurs in two color morphs: a common pied form and a rarer dark (sooty) morph. Pairs often raise multiple broods in a season, building delicate nests bound with spider silk.
Bird with tail fanned out showing how it got its name
Temperament
active and confiding
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with agile twists and sallies
Social Behavior
Typically seen singly or in pairs during the breeding season, becoming more gregarious in loose groups outside it. Builds a neat cup nest from fine fibers and spider silk, often on a forked branch. Both parents feed the young, and multiple broods are common in a good season.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A rapid, high-pitched series of squeaky trills and chattering notes, interspersed with sharp ‘cheet’ contact calls. Vocal and responsive, with calls varying subtly between regions.
