The mountain caracara, is a species of bird of prey in the family Falconidae. It is found in puna and páramo in the Andes, ranging from northern Ecuador, through Peru and Bolivia, to northern Argentina and Chile. It is generally uncommon to fairly common. It resembles the closely related carunculated caracara and white-throated caracara, but unlike those species, its chest is uniform black. Juveniles are far less distinctive than the red-faced pied adults, being overall brown with dull pinkish-grey facial skin.
Region
Andes Mountains
Typical Environment
Occurs from northern Ecuador through Peru and Bolivia to northern Chile and Argentina, primarily in puna and páramo zones. Prefers open, windswept grasslands, rocky slopes, and shrubby highland steppe, often near grazing areas for camelids and livestock. It readily uses human-altered habitats and is commonly observed along roads where roadkill is available. Nests are typically placed on cliffs or rocky outcrops with wide views over open terrain.
Altitude Range
2800–5200 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The mountain caracara is a high-Andean raptor that often scavenges but also hunts small animals and raids nests. Adults show striking red bare facial skin and bold black-and-white plumage with a solid black chest, making them distinctive against open puna landscapes. They are frequently seen near roads and settlements, taking advantage of carrion and human refuse. Pairs may be accompanied by immatures, forming loose family groups while foraging.
Mountain Caracara adult (left) and juvenile (right)
Mountain Caracara
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
soaring glider with steady wingbeats
Social Behavior
Typically seen in pairs or small family groups, sometimes gathering at rich food sources like carcasses. Territorial around nesting cliffs, where they build stick nests lined with wool and other soft materials. Clutch size is usually 2–3 eggs, and both parents participate in care.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Vocalizations are harsh, rasping cackles and chatter, often given during interactions or at carcasses. Calls can carry across open slopes but are not melodious, consisting of repeated croaks and screeches.
