The large tree finch is a species of bird in the Darwin's finch group of the tanager family Thraupidae. It is endemic to the Galapagos Islands.
Region
Galápagos Islands
Typical Environment
Occurs on several of the larger Galápagos islands in wooded and scrubby habitats. It favors Scalesia forests, mixed evergreen highland zones, and edges of arid lowland shrublands, often foraging in mid- to upper-canopy. It also uses secondary growth and forest edges near agricultural interfaces where native trees persist. The species is generally resident year-round within its island ranges and rarely disperses far.
Altitude Range
0–1200 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The large tree finch is one of Darwin’s finches and shows notable variation in bill size that helps it exploit different food sources. Its deep, parrot-like bill is adapted for crushing tough items and prying insects from bark. Nesting success is impacted by the introduced parasitic fly Philornis downsi, which has contributed to declines on several islands. It plays an important role in forest insect control within the Galápagos ecosystem.
Temperament
active and territorial
Flight Pattern
short, direct flights with rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Typically found singly or in pairs during the breeding season, defending small territories. Outside breeding, it may join loose mixed flocks with other finches while foraging in trees. Cup-shaped nests are placed in trees or tall shrubs; both parents feed the young. Breeding timing can track rainfall and food availability.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song consists of short, scratchy trills and buzzy phrases given from concealed perches in the canopy. Calls are metallic chips and brief buzzes used for contact and alarm. Vocalizations vary subtly between islands, as in many Darwin’s finches.
