The Kauaʻi ʻelepaio is a monarch flycatcher found on the Hawaiian Island of Kauai. It numbered 40,000 around 1970, but declined by half in the 1990s. Whether this fluctuation is natural and thus the birds' numbers will rebound or whether it signifies a novel threat remains to be seen. However, it seems the birds are making a recovery, as population density on the Alakai plateau has increased by 13% in recent years.
Region
Hawaiian Islands
Typical Environment
Occurs only on Kauaʻi, with strongholds in native montane wet forests dominated by ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros) and koa (Acacia). It occupies dense understory and edges of gulches, riparian corridors, and ridgelines. Historically more widespread at lower elevations, the species is now most frequent at higher, cooler sites where mosquito-borne diseases are less intense. It uses both intact native forest and selectively disturbed areas if sufficient understory remains.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1500 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Kauaʻi ʻelepaio is a lively monarch flycatcher found only on the island of Kauaʻi, where it is most common in the wet forests of the Alakaʻi Plateau. It is famous for its bold, inquisitive behavior and constant tail-flicking while foraging. In Native Hawaiian traditions, ʻelepaio were seen as guides for canoe builders, revealing sound wood by their behavior. Populations declined late in the 20th century, likely due to disease and predators, but some areas now show signs of recovery.
Alakai Wilderness – Kauaʻi, Hawaii (flash photo)
Temperament
active and inquisitive
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with frequent sallying
Social Behavior
Typically found in territorial pairs that defend year-round home ranges. Nests are cup-shaped and placed on branches or forks, often in native trees. Both sexes participate in territorial defense and parental care, and pairs may remain together across multiple seasons.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song is a series of clear whistles and squeaky chips, delivered in short phrases. Calls include sharp ticks and soft chatters used during foraging and pair contact.
