The Española cactus finch, is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is one of Darwin's finches, and is endemic to the Galápagos islands, where it is restricted to Española, Genovesa, and the Darwin and Wolf Islands. This rather dark bird resembles the smaller and finer-beaked common cactus finch, but the two species do not co-inhabit any island.
Region
Galápagos Islands
Typical Environment
Occurs in arid lowland zones dominated by prickly pear cactus on Española, Genovesa, Darwin, and Wolf Islands. It frequents coastal scrub, open lava fields with scattered shrubs, and dense Opuntia stands. Nests are placed in shrubs or cactus, often near reliable food sources. Outside breeding, it forages across open ground and low vegetation, tracking cactus phenology.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 200 m
Climate Zone
Arid
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
One of Darwin’s finches, it has a notably deep, pointed bill adapted to feed on prickly pear (Opuntia) flowers, nectar, fruits, and seeds. It can act as a pollinator when dusted with cactus pollen and switches to more insect prey during wet seasons. This species does not co-occur with the common cactus finch on the same islands, reducing direct competition. Like many Galápagos birds, it shows little fear of humans.
Temperament
tame and moderately territorial
Flight Pattern
short, rapid wingbeats with low, direct flights
Social Behavior
Typically forms small groups around productive cactus stands outside the breeding season. Breeding is usually monogamous; males may build several nest structures before the female selects one. Nests are cup-shaped and placed in shrubs or cactus. Territorial displays and songs are most active at the start of the rainy season.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Male song is a short series of buzzy trills and sharp, metallic notes delivered from exposed perches. Calls include dry chips and tweeps used for contact within foraging groups.
