The broad-winged hawk is a medium-sized hawk of the genus Buteo. During the summer, some subspecies are distributed over eastern North America, as far west as British Columbia and Texas; they then migrate south to winter in the Neotropics from Mexico south to southern Brazil. Other subspecies are all-year residents on Caribbean islands. As in most raptors, females are slightly larger than males. Broad-winged hawks' wings are relatively short and broad with a tapered, somewhat pointed appearance. The two types of coloration are a dark morph with fewer white areas and a light morph that is more pale overall. Although the broad-winged hawk's numbers are relatively stable, populations are declining in some parts of its breeding range because of forest fragmentation.
Region
Eastern North America and Neotropics
Typical Environment
Breeds across eastern Canada and the eastern United States in extensive deciduous or mixed forests with nearby clearings or wetlands. During migration it funnels through the Appalachians, Gulf Coast, and Central America to winter from southern Mexico to northern Argentina and southern Brazil. Caribbean subspecies are resident year‑round on several islands. Wintering birds favor forest edges, second growth, and riparian corridors.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 2000 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Broad-winged Hawk forms spectacular 'kettles' of thousands of birds during migration, spiraling on thermals as they travel to Central and South America. It breeds in mature forests of eastern North America but winters in tropical woodlands and edges. Females are larger than males, as in most raptors, and the species shows both light and dark morphs.
Broad-winged hawk at Isle Royale National Park
Sheepshead Sanctuary South Padre Island - Texas
Molting feather pattern, only visible in May/June
Broad-winged hawk with a snake at Pine Island State Forest, Minnesota
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
soaring glider
Social Behavior
Breeding pairs are generally monogamous and nest in mature forest, often near water, placing stick nests in mid‑canopy. Clutches typically contain 2–3 eggs, with both parents providing care. Outside the breeding season they are secretive, but during migration they form large communal kettles using thermals.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
A high, piercing, two‑note whistle often rendered as 'pee-eee' or 'kee-eee', carrying far over forests. Calls are most frequent near the nest and during territorial displays. Generally quiet on wintering grounds.
