Botha's lark is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae that is endemic to South Africa. It is considered to be South Africa's most endangered bird species with approximately 340 mature individuals left in the wild. Over the last decade, there has been a 90% population decline resulting in the species regionally being uplisted to Critically Endangered in the 2025 Regional Red Data Book of Birds of South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini.
Region
South African Highveld and Drakensberg foothills
Typical Environment
Occurs in fragmented patches of high-altitude grassland, especially around Wakkerstroom–Amersfoort (Mpumalanga) and the eastern Free State, extending marginally into northern KwaZulu-Natal foothills. Prefers short, sparse, sour-veld grass with scattered tussocks on gentle slopes and plateaus. It avoids tall, rank grass, croplands, plantations, and heavily altered pastures. Recently burnt or lightly grazed swards are frequently used for foraging and nesting.
Altitude Range
1400–2300 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Botha's lark is a highland grassland specialist endemic to South Africa, with one of the smallest known populations of any South African bird. It has suffered severe declines due to ploughing of natural grasslands, intensive grazing, and inappropriate fire regimes that alter sward structure. It is now highly localized, persisting mainly in remnant short, sour-veld grasslands. Conservation actions focus on habitat stewardship with landowners and careful fire and grazing management.
A pair of Botha's Lark foraging.
Temperament
shy and skulking
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with low, undulating flights; males perform brief song-flights
Social Behavior
Usually found singly, in pairs, or small family groups; strongly territorial in the breeding season. Nests are shallow cups placed at the base of grass tussocks and well concealed. Likely monogamous, with both adults attending young.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song is a thin, high-pitched series of tinkling trills and chips, often delivered during a short fluttering display or from a low perch. Calls include soft tsip and buzzy notes used for contact within pairs.
