The blue-throated mountaingem, also known as the blue-throated mountain-gem or blue-throated hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in the United States and Mexico.
Region
Southwestern United States and Mexican Highlands
Typical Environment
Breeds in montane canyons, pine–oak and mixed conifer woodlands from the Mexican highlands north into the sky islands of the southwestern United States. Prefers riparian corridors with abundant flowering plants and shaded understory. During nonbreeding it withdraws mostly to higherland and interior regions of Mexico, with some altitudinal movements following bloom cycles. It is a regular visitor to human-provided nectar sources in mountain towns and rural communities.
Altitude Range
900–3500 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
One of the largest hummingbirds regularly seen in the United States, the blue-throated mountaingem is known for the male’s striking iridescent blue throat. It frequents shady mountain canyons and readily visits nectar feeders. Females lack the blue throat and show a strong white facial stripe that helps with identification. It often performs short, aggressive chases to defend rich flower patches and feeders.
Temperament
territorial and alert
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with agile hovering
Social Behavior
Generally solitary outside of breeding, with males defending rich nectar sources vigorously. Courtship involves chases and display flights near favored perches. Nests are compact cups placed on sheltered ledges or branches, often near running water; clutches typically contain two eggs, and the female handles incubation and most care.
Migratory Pattern
Seasonal migrant
Song Description
Vocalizations are sharp, high-pitched chips and tseet notes delivered from exposed perches. Males also produce rapid series of squeaky twitters during display. The wingbeats can add a soft mechanical trill during close flybys.
Plumage
Glossy green upperparts with gray underparts; males show an iridescent blue throat (gorget) and dark mask with bold white facial stripe. Tail is dark with white corners and tips; wings dusky. Females lack the blue throat and are more uniformly gray below with the same strong white facial stripe.
Diet
Takes nectar from a wide variety of tubular flowers such as sages, columbines, agaves, and trumpet vines. Also consumes small insects and spiders for protein, captured by hawking in midair or gleaning from foliage. Readily visits sugar-water feeders when available, especially during migration and late summer.
Preferred Environment
Feeds along shaded canyon streams, forest edges, and clearings with dense blooms. Often forages at mid-levels and near flowering shrubs and trees, and will commute between natural sources and feeders.
