The black-cowled oriole is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is common and widespread in the Caribbean lowlands and foothills from southern Mexico to western Panama. It lives primarily in humid or semihumid forest, as well as in clearings, along forest edges, in plantations, in semi-open areas with scattered trees and bushes, and in gardens. The adult male is black, with yellow on the belly, shoulder, rump, wing lining, and crissum. The female's plumage varies depending on location. In the south of its range, it is similar to that of the male. In the north, its crown and upperparts are olive-yellow, while its face, throat, upper breast, wings, and tail are black.
Region
Mesoamerica (southern Mexico to western Panama)
Typical Environment
Found mainly on the Caribbean slope and adjacent foothills from southern Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and into western Panama. It inhabits humid and semihumid forests, second growth, forest edges, and clearings with scattered trees. The species also frequents plantations, gardens, and semi-open countryside where tall trees or palms persist. It forages from the midstory to canopy but will descend to feed in flowering shrubs.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1500 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The black-cowled oriole weaves a deep, pendant basket nest that often hangs from the tips of palm fronds or slender branches. Males are strikingly black and yellow, while females vary geographically, with northern birds showing more olive-yellow above. It readily uses human-altered habitats like plantations and gardens, especially where flowering and fruiting trees are available.
Temperament
wary and active
Flight Pattern
strong direct flier with rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Often seen in pairs or small family groups, occasionally joining mixed-species flocks at forest edges. Builds a hanging basket nest woven from plant fibers and grasses, typically suspended from the tips of branches or palm fronds. Likely socially monogamous during the breeding season, with both sexes involved in territory defense.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song is a series of clear, fluty whistles and short, melodious phrases delivered from exposed perches. Calls include sharp chack notes and harsher scolds when agitated.
