The black-and-white monjita is a species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and possibly Paraguay.
Region
Southern Cone of South America
Typical Environment
Occurs in open lowland grasslands, pampas, and wet meadows across northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil, and possibly adjacent Paraguay. It favors lightly grazed pastures, edges of marshes, and rice fields with scattered shrubs or posts for perching. The species uses fence lines and isolated bushes as hunting perches. It generally avoids dense woodland and tall closed crops, selecting mosaics of short grass and damp ground.
Altitude Range
0–800 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
This striking tyrant flycatcher favors open grasslands and pampas, often perching conspicuously on fence posts to sally after insects. Its populations have declined due to conversion of native grasslands to crops, tree plantations, and drainage of wetlands. It sometimes benefits from traditional low-intensity cattle ranching that maintains short, open swards. Conservation actions focus on protecting and restoring Southern Cone grasslands.
Temperament
alert and moderately territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid sallies from perches; direct, low flight over grass
Social Behavior
Usually seen singly or in pairs, especially during the breeding season. Pairs defend small territories in suitable patches of grassland. Nests are cup-shaped and placed low in shrubs or tussocks. Outside breeding, small loose groups may form in high-quality foraging areas.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
Vocalizations are a series of sharp, clipped notes interspersed with soft trills. Calls carry well over open country and are used frequently from exposed perches, especially at dawn.
Plumage
Crisp black-and-white contrast: black upperparts and wings set against white head, throat, and underparts. Shows a bold white wing patch and white rump; tail largely black with white outer feathers. Feathers are smooth and sleek, accentuating the sharp contrast.
Diet
Primarily hunts flying and ground-dwelling insects such as beetles, grasshoppers, crickets, and flies. It occasionally takes spiders and other small arthropods. Prey is typically captured by sallying out from a perch or by brief ground pounces. Foraging is opportunistic, focusing on areas with short grass and high insect activity.
Preferred Environment
Feeds in open pastures, wet meadows, and marsh edges, often along fence lines and around isolated shrubs. Uses raised vantage points like posts, wires, and low bushes to scan for prey.
