The black-and-white monjita is a species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and possibly Paraguay.
Region
Southern Cone of South America
Typical Environment
Occurs in open lowland grasslands, pampas, and wet meadows across northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil, and possibly adjacent Paraguay. It favors lightly grazed pastures, edges of marshes, and rice fields with scattered shrubs or posts for perching. The species uses fence lines and isolated bushes as hunting perches. It generally avoids dense woodland and tall closed crops, selecting mosaics of short grass and damp ground.
Altitude Range
0–800 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
This striking tyrant flycatcher favors open grasslands and pampas, often perching conspicuously on fence posts to sally after insects. Its populations have declined due to conversion of native grasslands to crops, tree plantations, and drainage of wetlands. It sometimes benefits from traditional low-intensity cattle ranching that maintains short, open swards. Conservation actions focus on protecting and restoring Southern Cone grasslands.
Temperament
alert and moderately territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid sallies from perches; direct, low flight over grass
Social Behavior
Usually seen singly or in pairs, especially during the breeding season. Pairs defend small territories in suitable patches of grassland. Nests are cup-shaped and placed low in shrubs or tussocks. Outside breeding, small loose groups may form in high-quality foraging areas.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
Vocalizations are a series of sharp, clipped notes interspersed with soft trills. Calls carry well over open country and are used frequently from exposed perches, especially at dawn.
