The Arabian golden-winged grosbeak or Arabian grosbeak is a finch found in Saudi Arabia, Oman and Yemen. It is included as a subspecies in R. socotranus by some authorities, but in recent times the three golden-winged grosbeak populations are usually considered distinct species.
Region
Arabian Peninsula
Typical Environment
Occurs in the southwestern highlands of Saudi Arabia (notably the Asir range), the highlands of western and central Yemen, and the Dhofar Mountains of southern Oman. It favors montane woodlands dominated by juniper, acacia, and wild olive, as well as fruiting shrubs in wadis. Birds also visit agricultural terraces and orchards where suitable fruit and seeds are available. They are typically localized, tracking fruiting trees across their home range. Sheltered ravines and slopes with mature trees are especially important sites.
Altitude Range
900–3000 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Arabian golden-winged grosbeak is a stocky finch with a powerful bill, known for its striking yellow wing patches. It inhabits the highland woodlands of southwestern Arabia and often depends on juniper and other fruiting trees. Some authorities formerly treated it as a subspecies of the Socotra golden-winged grosbeak, but it is now widely recognized as a distinct species. Habitat loss and juniper dieback are key concerns for its long-term survival.
Temperament
wary and unobtrusive, often quietly perched high in trees
Flight Pattern
strong flier with undulating finch-like flight
Social Behavior
Typically seen in pairs during the breeding season and in small family groups or loose flocks at other times. Nests are placed in tall junipers or other sturdy trees, where a compact cup is built. Likely monogamous, with both parents participating in care of the young.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song is a soft, musical twittering interspersed with clear whistles. Calls include a metallic tink or chew note used to keep contact in the canopy. Vocalizations can be easily overlooked against background sounds of montane woodlands.
Plumage
Overall brownish to olive-brown with a conspicuous golden-yellow patch in the inner wing; plumage is fairly plain with subtle mottling. The tail shows yellow bases to the feathers, creating bright flashes in flight.
Diet
Primarily consumes fruits and fleshy drupes, especially juniper berries, figs, and wild olives. Also takes seeds, buds, and occasionally flower parts, using its powerful bill to crush hard kernels. Insects may be taken opportunistically, particularly when feeding young.
Preferred Environment
Forages high in the canopy of fruiting trees within juniper and mixed montane woodlands. Frequently visits wadis, orchard edges, and terraced fields with fruiting shrubs and trees. Will descend to lower vegetation when food is abundant.
