The yellowhead or mohua is a small insectivorous passerine bird endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Once a common forest bird, its numbers declined drastically after the introduction of rats and stoats, and it is now near threatened. Along with the kiwi, weka, kākāpō and takahe it is one of the most famous birds of New Zealand.
Region
New Zealand (South Island and offshore sanctuary islands)
Typical Environment
Yellowheads persist in pockets of native beech (Nothofagus) and mixed podocarp–broadleaf forest across the South Island, especially where sustained predator control occurs. They have been successfully reintroduced to several predator-free offshore islands and fenced mainland sanctuaries. Within forests they favor mature stands with plentiful cavities for nesting and a well-developed mid to upper canopy for foraging. They often occupy riparian forest and sheltered valley systems. Fragmentation has left many populations isolated, but managed sites can hold robust local groups.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1200 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Also called mohua, the yellowhead is a small forest songbird confined to New Zealand’s South Island. It declined sharply after rats and stoats were introduced, but predator control and translocations to predator-free islands have helped some populations rebound. It nests in tree cavities, which makes it especially vulnerable to mammalian predators. Its bright lemon-yellow head makes it one of the most distinctive birds in New Zealand beech forests.
Mōhua on predator-free Ulva Island
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats between trees
Social Behavior
Pairs defend small territories during breeding but commonly forage in small family groups and post-breeding flocks. They nest in tree cavities lined with plant fibers and feathers, with the female primarily incubating while the male feeds her. Some populations exhibit helper behavior, with offspring or group members assisting at the nest. Clutches are typically 2–4 eggs, and breeding occurs in spring to early summer.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A bright, ringing series of clear notes and trills, often delivered in short bursts. Contact calls are sharp and metallic, keeping foraging groups in touch through the canopy.
