The western meadowlark is a medium-sized icterid bird, about 8.5 in (22 cm) in length. It is found across western and central North America and is a full migrant, breeding in Canada and the United States with resident populations also found in Mexico. The western meadowlark nests on the ground in open grasslands and shrublands. It feeds on bugs and seeds. The western meadowlark has distinctive calls described as watery or flute-like, which distinguish it from the closely related eastern meadowlark. The western meadowlark is the state bird of six states: Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, and Wyoming.
Region
Western and Central North America
Typical Environment
Breeds and occurs from southern Canada through much of the western and central United States into northern and central Mexico. It favors open grasslands, prairies, pastures, hayfields, and shrub-steppe, and readily uses agricultural edges and roadside rights-of-way. Nests are placed on the ground under clumps of grass or low vegetation, often with a subtle woven canopy. In winter, northern breeders move southward or downslope to milder open habitats.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 3000 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The western meadowlark is famed for its rich, flute-like song that carries across prairies and fields and differs distinctly from the eastern meadowlark. It often sings from fence posts or low shrubs and nests in a well-hidden grass cup on the ground. It is the state bird of six U.S. states: Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, and Wyoming. Though still widespread, it has declined in parts of its range due to habitat loss and changes in grassland management.
Seen in Kaycee, Wyoming
Well-hidden nest
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with low, undulating flights
Social Behavior
Males defend singing territories and display from prominent perches; females select nest sites and build grass-cup nests on the ground. Pairs are socially monogamous with occasional polygyny, and they may raise two broods in good seasons. Outside the breeding period they form loose flocks, especially in feeding areas.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
Song is a rich, clear, flute-like series of gurgling whistles and warbles, often descending or cascading in phrases. Calls include sharp chatter and chuck notes, with regional variation in song patterns.
