The Sumatran woodpecker is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the grey-headed woodpecker, but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.
Region
Southeast Asia (Greater Sunda Islands: Sumatra)
Typical Environment
Endemic to Sumatra, occurring in lowland and hill evergreen forest, selectively logged forest, secondary woodland, forest edges, and agroforestry mosaics with mature trees. It forages from the understory to mid-canopy, often on trunks, large limbs, rotten stumps, and fallen logs. The species tolerates some habitat degradation and can persist in mixed plantations and riparian corridors, provided standing trees and deadwood remain. It is generally inconspicuous but may be locally fairly common in suitable habitat.
Altitude Range
0–2000 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Sumatran woodpecker was long treated as a subspecies of the grey-headed woodpecker (Picus canus) but was elevated to full species by the IOC in 2021 based on vocal and plumage differences. It is restricted to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, where it frequents both primary and disturbed forests. Like many Picus woodpeckers, it specializes on ants and termites, prying into decayed wood and bark crevices. Its soft, whinnying calls and resonant drumming are key field clues in dense forest.
Temperament
shy and unobtrusive
Flight Pattern
undulating flight with short rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Typically encountered singly, in pairs, or family groups. Territorial drumming is used to advertise and defend territories. Nests are excavated in dead or decaying wood; both sexes participate in excavation and care. Breeding behavior is otherwise typical of Picus woodpeckers.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Gives a soft, whinnying series of notes and sharper contact calls; vocalizations are less harsh than many larger woodpeckers. Drumming is a short, resonant roll on hollow wood used for communication.
