The spinifex pigeon, also known as the plumed-pigeon or gannaway pigeon, is one of three endemic Australian bird species within the genus Geophaps. It occurs within a broader group known as bronzewing pigeons. This species is listed under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List category of "least concern". It most frequently occurs in arid and semi-arid habitats containing hummock-forming grasses of the genera Triodia and Plectrachne.
Region
Arid Australia
Typical Environment
Found across the arid and semi-arid interior wherever hummock-forming spinifex grasses (Triodia and Plectrachne) dominate. It frequents stony hills, gibber plains, and rocky outcrops interspersed with open shrublands. Birds keep close to ground cover and are often near permanent or semi-permanent water sources. Occurs from the Pilbara and Kimberley through central deserts to parts of inland Queensland and New South Wales.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1200 m
Climate Zone
Arid
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 2/5
This small, ground-dwelling pigeon is famous for its long, spiky erectile crest and striking facial pattern. It prefers to run rather than fly, exploding into short, whirring flights only when pressed. Spinifex pigeons are highly water-dependent and often visit waterholes at dawn and dusk, especially during dry periods.
Spinifex pigeon habitat Ormiston Gorge, Northern Territory
Spinifex pigeon coming in to drink from a stock watering point
Temperament
wary and ground-oriented
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats, low and direct
Social Behavior
Often encountered in pairs or small groups, congregating in larger numbers near water in very dry conditions. Nests are simple scrapes or sparse platforms on the ground, sheltered by tussocks or rocks. Pairs maintain small territories during breeding but tolerate loose aggregations around resources.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Soft, low cooing phrases, often delivered from the ground or a low perch. Males give rhythmic, pulsing coos during display while raising and lowering the crest.
Plumage
Finely barred sandy-brown to rufous upperparts with grey tones, pale buff underparts, and a bold patterned face. Long, spiky erectile crest on the crown; subtle bronzy sheen on wings. Delicate barring blends with spinifex and rocky substrates.
Diet
Primarily a granivore taking seeds of spinifex grasses (Triodia) and other arid-zone grasses and forbs. It also nibbles green shoots and fallen plant material when available. Occasional small invertebrates may be taken opportunistically. Foraging is deliberate, with birds pecking among litter and between hummocks.
Preferred Environment
Feeds almost entirely on the ground within spinifex hummock fields, stony slopes, and open shrub-steppe. Often forages along the edges of rocky outcrops and near waterholes. Uses cover of grass clumps to remain concealed while feeding.
