The Pacific gull is a gull, native to the coasts of Australia. It is moderately common between Carnarvon in the west, and Sydney in the east, although it has become scarce in some parts of the south-east, as a result of competition from the kelp gull.
Region
Southern Australia
Typical Environment
Found along exposed and sheltered coastlines from western to southeastern Australia, including Tasmania. Prefers sandy and rocky beaches, reefs, estuaries, and offshore islands, and frequents harbors and piers. Rarely ventures far inland, generally remaining near the shoreline and intertidal zones. Often forages along tidelines and follows fishing vessels for discards.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 100 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Pacific gull is a large, heavy-billed gull endemic to southern Australia and Tasmania. It is often confused with the introduced kelp gull, but has a thicker yellow bill with a red tip and typically brighter yellow legs. Pacific gulls are adept at dropping shellfish onto rocks to crack them open and will also scavenge around fishing boats and coastal towns. Two subspecies are recognized, differing slightly in size and bill shape across the range.
Adult and juveniles, Cape Woolamai, Victoria
Temperament
bold and assertive, especially around feeding sites
Flight Pattern
strong flier with steady wingbeats; capable of soaring on coastal winds
Social Behavior
Usually seen singly or in small groups when foraging, but forms loose colonies on offshore islands for breeding. Pairs are monogamous, nesting on the ground and sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. Defends nest sites vigorously against intruders.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Vocalizations are loud, braying calls and harsh cackles, especially at colonies. Also gives sharp, carrying ‘kek-kek’ alarms and plaintive wails during territorial displays.
Plumage
Adult has white head, neck, and underparts with a black mantle and upperwings; wings show contrasting white trailing edges. Juveniles are mottled brown, gradually whitening over several years. Feathers are sleek and dense, adapted to marine environments.
Diet
Takes fish, crabs, mollusks, sea urchins, and other marine invertebrates, and readily scavenges carrion and fishery discards. Will raid eggs and chicks of other seabirds when opportunities arise. Known to drop hard-shelled prey from height to crack them open on rocks. Opportunistic around human activity, including harbors and fish-cleaning areas.
Preferred Environment
Forages along surf lines, tidal flats, rocky platforms, and nearshore waters. Common around ports, piers, offshore islands, and coastal towns where food scraps are available.
