The Nilgiri pipit is a distinctive species of pipit that is endemic to the high altitude hills of southern India. Richer brown in colour than other pipits in the region, it is distinctive in having the streaking on the breast continuing along the flanks. It is non-migratory and has a tendency to fly into low trees when disturbed and is closely related to the tree pipits Anthus hodgsoni and Anthus trivialis.
Region
Western Ghats (southern India)
Typical Environment
Occurs patchily in high-altitude montane grasslands and the shola–grassland mosaic of the Nilgiri, Anamalai, Palani, and adjacent massifs, including areas like Eravikulam. It favors open, windswept slopes with tussocky grass, rocky outcrops, and scattered shrubs. Birds often use edges of shola forest for cover but avoid dense woodland and tall invasive stands such as wattle. It can persist in lightly grazed or recently burned grasslands where new growth attracts insects. Tea and eucalyptus plantations greatly reduce suitable habitat.
Altitude Range
1600–2600 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Nilgiri pipit is restricted to the high-elevation grasslands of the southern Western Ghats in India and is a reliable indicator of intact shola–grassland ecosystems. Unlike many pipits, it often flies up into low trees or shrubs when disturbed. It shows unusually heavy streaking that extends from the breast onto the flanks, aiding identification. Habitat loss from plantation expansion and invasive trees poses a significant threat.
Nilgiri pipit in Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary
Temperament
wary and skulking, ground-oriented but perches on low shrubs
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with low undulating flights
Social Behavior
Typically seen singly or in pairs, forming territories in the breeding season. Nests are cup-shaped and placed on or near the ground within grass tussocks. Likely monogamous, with both adults involved in care. Displays include short song-flights from prominent perches or grass hummocks.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song is a thin, tinkling series delivered from a perch or brief song-flight, with a sweet but subdued quality. Calls include a sharp tsip or tsee given in alarm or contact. Vocalizations carry modestly across open slopes in calm conditions.
