The long-toed lapwing , also known as the long-toed plover, is a species of wading bird in the lapwing subfamily, within the family Charadriidae. It is mainly sedentary and found across central and eastern Africa, from Chad and South Sudan in the north to Mozambique in the southeast of its range. It is one of 13 species of ground-nesting lapwings found in Africa.
Region
Central and Eastern Africa
Typical Environment
Occurs from Chad and South Sudan south through the Nile basin and Great Rift Valley lakes to Mozambique, with concentrations around extensive freshwater marshes and floodplains. It prefers shallow margins of lakes, swamps, and slow-flowing backwaters with floating or emergent vegetation. The species also uses man-made wetlands such as dams and rice fields when conditions are suitable. It generally avoids saline wetlands and fast-flowing rivers.
Altitude Range
0–2000 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The long-toed lapwing has exceptionally long, slender toes that help it walk on floating vegetation and soft mud without sinking. It favors freshwater marshes and lakes and often forages along the edges of floating plant mats. Pairs are strongly territorial during breeding and will vigorously mob larger birds that approach the nest. Nests are simple scrapes placed very close to water, and the speckled eggs blend well with the surrounding substrate.
Illustration by J. G. Keulemans of subspecies V. c. leucopterus (below) with white inner primary feathers and subspecies V. c. crassirostris (above) with only black primary feathers
Distinctive black and white head plumage of a long-toed lapwing
Long-toed lapwing in typical foraging habitat of aquatic vegetation
Long-toed lapwing (right) with two blacksmith lapwings (left) which both share similar habitat
Temperament
wary but strongly territorial near nests
Flight Pattern
strong flier with steady, shallow wingbeats and brief glides
Social Behavior
Usually found in pairs or small family groups; forms loose flocks outside the breeding season on suitable shorelines. Ground-nesting close to water, with both parents incubating and tending the chicks. Territorial displays include aerial chases and loud calling. Chicks are precocial and leave the nest shortly after hatching.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Calls are clear, piping notes and sharp, repeated alarms given in rapid series, especially during territorial disputes. Flight calls are ringing and carry well over open water.
