The little brown bustard is a species of bird in the family Otididae. Found in Ethiopia and Somalia, its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. As indicated by its name, this bustard is the world's smallest at 45 cm (18 in) and 600 grams (1.3 lb). It is threatened by habitat destruction.
Region
Horn of Africa
Typical Environment
Occurs in eastern Ethiopia and adjacent northern Somalia, favoring semi-arid lowland plains with sparse grass and scattered shrubs. It uses dry shrubland, open acacia scrub, and dry lowland grassland, including lightly grazed rangeland and fallow fields. The species avoids dense bush and tall rank grass, preferring open visibility to detect predators. It is patchily distributed and often localized where suitable cover and foraging patches coincide.
Altitude Range
200–1500 m
Climate Zone
Arid
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The little brown bustard is the world’s smallest bustard, measuring about 45 cm and around 600 g. It is extremely cryptic and relies on camouflage, often freezing among dry grasses when disturbed. Males perform discreet ground displays after seasonal rains. Habitat loss from overgrazing and agricultural expansion is the main threat across its limited Horn of Africa range.
Temperament
shy and wary
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with low, direct flight; flushes reluctantly
Social Behavior
Usually solitary or in pairs; small loose groups may form in good feeding areas. Ground nester with a simple scrape; clutch typically 1–2 eggs. Breeding is tied to rainfall, with males performing low-key display walks and postures. Females undertake incubation and lead precocial chicks soon after hatching.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Generally quiet; males give low, guttural croaks or short rasping notes during display. Soft clucks and churrs may be heard at close range, mostly at dawn and dusk.
