The island bronze-naped pigeon, also known as the São Tomé bronze-naped pigeon or São Tomé pigeon, is a species of bird in the pigeon family, Columbidae. It is endemic to the Gulf of Guinea, where it is found on the islands of São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón. It inhabits rainforest, secondary forests, and plantations at elevations of up to 1,668 m (5,472 ft), although it is more common at lower elevations. A small, darkish pigeon, it has a total length of 28 cm (11 in). Adult males have slate-grey heads and upper backs, blackish-grey wings, backs, and tails, buffy-white throats, ashy-grey breasts and bellies, and rufous vents. The back of the neck and upper back are glossy pink or green, while the wings have a green tinge to them. Females are similar, but have browner undersides, duller and less glossy upperparts, and more rusty-orange outer tail feathers.
Region
Gulf of Guinea islands
Typical Environment
Occurs on the oceanic islands of São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón, inhabiting primary rainforest, secondary growth, and shaded plantations. It favors forest interiors and edges but also ventures into mixed agroforestry mosaics. More common at lower elevations yet recorded to high montane zones. Often detected by its deep cooing from mid-story to canopy levels. Uses tall trees for roosting and nesting where cover is dense.
Altitude Range
0–1668 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 2/5
This island pigeon is restricted to the Gulf of Guinea islands, where it plays an important role as a seed disperser in native rainforests and even in cocoa and coffee plantations. It was long considered closely related to the West African bronze-naped pigeon but is now treated as a distinct island species. Hunting pressure and habitat loss have impacted some populations, so it is more often encountered in protected or less disturbed forests.
Showing iridescent green on back of neck and upper back
Temperament
wary and secretive
Flight Pattern
fast, direct flight with strong wingbeats
Social Behavior
Usually seen singly or in pairs; small loose groups may gather at fruiting trees. Nests are simple stick platforms placed in trees or dense vegetation. Breeding pairs are territorial around nest sites and defend access to nearby fruiting resources.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A series of deep, resonant coos delivered in measured sequences, often from concealed perches. Calls carry far through forest and are a key means of detection; softer grunts may be given at close range.
