The African fish eagle or the African sea eagle is a large species of eagle found throughout sub-Saharan Africa wherever large bodies of open water with an abundant food supply occur. It is the national bird of Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. As a result of its large range, it is known in many languages. Examples of names include: visarend in Afrikaans, nkwazi in Chewa, aigle pêcheur in French, idì in Yoruba, hungwe in Shona, inkwazi in isiZulu, and ntšhu in Northern Sotho. Though this species may superficially resemble the bald eagle in appearance they are not closely related and the two species occur on different continents, with the bald eagle being endemic to North America.
Region
Sub-Saharan Africa
Typical Environment
Found widely wherever there are large, open bodies of water with abundant fish—lakes, large rivers, reservoirs, and coastal lagoons. Prefers shorelines with tall trees or other sturdy perches for hunting and nesting. It avoids dense, unbroken rainforest interiors and true deserts lacking permanent water. Occurs from lowland coasts to high-elevation Rift Valley lakes. Pairs maintain territories along productive stretches of water.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 3000 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The African fish eagle is the iconic voice of African waterways, with a ringing yodel that carries over lakes and rivers. It is the national bird of Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Although reminiscent of the bald eagle in pattern, it is not closely related and is confined to Africa. It often engages in kleptoparasitism, stealing fish from other birds.
At Lake Zway, Ethiopia
Three eagles, in Uganda
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
soaring glider
Social Behavior
Usually seen as territorial pairs that may mate for life, maintaining long-term territories along shorelines. Nests are large stick platforms placed high in riverside or lakeside trees and are reused and added to each season. Two eggs are typical, with the stronger chick often outcompeting its sibling.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A loud, ringing yodel often rendered as a descending 'wee-ah, hyo-hyo-hyo' that carries great distances over water. Duets between mates are common and highly resonant.
